Chronic Disease - 2023 Board Review Course-VANFRANK Chronic Disease Epidemiology 2023 Slides

VANFRANK Chronic Disease Epidemiology 2023 Slides
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The 2023 Board Review Course by the CDC’s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion highlights the burden and distribution of chronic diseases and their risk factors. Key chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diabetes, respiratory diseases, cancer, and kidney disease, significantly impact the health of US adults. Emphasis is placed on identifying variations by age, race and ethnicity, sex, and geography to tailor public health interventions effectively.<br /><br /><strong>Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)</strong>: Nearly half of US adults have some form of CVD, which remains the leading cause of death, contributing to significant racial disparities in mortality. Hypertension, smoking, and unhealthy diets are prominent risk factors.<br /><br /><strong>Diabetes</strong>: Prevalence has risen dramatically, with one in seven adults affected. Risk factors include obesity, lack of physical activity, and hypertension, with substantial racial and age disparities.<br /><br /><strong>Respiratory Diseases</strong>: COPD and asthma are prevalent and lead to substantial morbidity. Smoking is a critical risk factor for COPD, while asthma management is crucial to reducing healthcare usage.<br /><br /><strong>Cancers</strong>: Cancer incidence and outcomes vary significantly by type and demographics:<br />- <strong>Lung cancer</strong> is the leading cause of cancer death. Smoking is the primary risk factor.<br />- <strong>Breast cancer</strong> and <strong>prostate cancer</strong> are the most common cancers in women and men, respectively, with significant variations in incidence and survival rates based on race and geographic location.<br />- <strong>Colorectal cancer</strong> ranks high in both incidence and mortality, driven by dietary habits and family history.<br />- <strong>Skin cancers</strong> (both melanoma and non-melanoma) are common, with UV exposure being a significant risk factor.<br />- <strong>Pediatric cancers</strong> are rare but remain a substantial cause of pediatric mortality.<br /><br /><strong>Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)</strong>: Affects about one in seven adults, often progressing to end-stage renal disease, mainly driven by diabetes and hypertension.<br /><br /><strong>Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis</strong>: These conditions lead to significant mortality, with causes including alcohol use, hepatitis B and C, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.<br /><br /><strong>Osteoporosis</strong>: Most common in women and older adults, leading to increased fracture risk and associated with low calcium intake and physical inactivity.<br /><br /><strong>Arthritis</strong>: Affects a substantial proportion of adults, with osteoarthritis being the most common form. The disease often coexists with other chronic conditions like heart disease and diabetes.<br /><br /><strong>Glaucoma</strong>: A leading cause of blindness, affecting millions of adults, with half unaware of their condition. Key risk factors include age, race, and family history.<br /><br />Overall, the review underscores the importance of understanding patterns and risk factors to address the significant public health challenge posed by chronic diseases.
Keywords
chronic diseases
cardiovascular disease
diabetes
respiratory diseases
cancer
chronic kidney disease
public health
risk factors
racial disparities
CDC