Behavior and Mental Health - Board Review Course 2023-Lianov Behavioral and Mental Health Slides

Lianov Behavioral and Mental Health Slides

Pdf Summary

The 2023 Board Review Course, presented by Dr. Liana Lianov, covers a comprehensive array of topics related to behavioral and mental health, highlighting their significant impact on morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Key learning objectives include understanding the role of health behaviors in disease prevalence, comparing theories of health behavior change, recognizing common mental health conditions, and examining substance misuse issues and their treatments.<br /><br />Major causes of death in U.S. adults, such as heart disease and cancer, are prominently influenced by lifestyle behaviors. The course reviews leading health indicators set by Healthy People 2030, emphasizing prevention through lifestyle factors like physical activity, dietary habits, and substance use reduction. Evidence shows that while some health metrics, like heart disease and hypertension, have improved since 2020, issues like obesity and mental health disorders persist or worsen.<br /><br />The course discusses various models and theories for health behavior change:<br />- <strong>Health Belief Model:</strong> Focuses on perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.<br />- <strong>Theory of Planned Behavior:</strong> Centers on behavioral intention influenced by attitudes and perceived control.<br />- <strong>Social Learning Theory:</strong> Emphasizes reciprocal determinism and observational learning.<br />- <strong>Transtheoretical Model:</strong> Outlines stages such as pre-contemplation and action.<br />- <strong>Fogg Behavior Model:</strong> Utilizes motivation, ability, and triggers for digital behavior changes.<br /><br />Screening tools and surveillance systems, such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), are vital for understanding public health trends. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provides evidence-based guidelines for preventive and behavioral health interventions.<br /><br />The course also covers mental illness epidemiology, noting that mental disorders like major depressive disorder and anxiety significantly impact the U.S. population, with disparities across age, gender, and race. Mental illness often co-occurs with substance use disorders, necessitating integrated treatment approaches. Under-treatment is common due to stigma, lack of access, and insufficient awareness.<br /><br />Finally, substance use, particularly opioid misuse, remains a critical public health issue. Strategies to address this include education, improved treatment access, and policy measures. Additionally, alcohol misuse prevention focuses on reducing consumption and related accidents through community interventions and stricter regulations. The course underscores the need for expanded treatment options and integrated, multi-level interventions to improve mental and behavioral health outcomes.

Keywords

behavioral health

mental health

health behaviors

substance misuse

Healthy People 2030

health behavior change

mental illness epidemiology

preventive health

opioid misuse

integrated treatment